Appendix E: Sea Systems

APPENDIX E: SEA SYSTEMS WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE AND DEFINITIONS E.1 SCOPE This appendix provides the Work Breakdown Structure and definitions for the Sea System. Definitions for WBS elements common to the sea system and all other defense materiel items are in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions. This WBS should be used for ship acquisition pricing data, ship design, weight data, configuration management and Integrated Logistics Support engineering data. It is permissible for the contactor’s internal work breakdown structure to differ from these summary elements; however, the internal WBS should be mapped to the WBS and definitions defined in this appendix.

E.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

“Users Guide for Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure (ESWBS) for All Ships and Ship/Combat Systems, S9040-AA-IDX-020/SWBS 5D Volumes 1 and 2” If there are high costs, high risk or high technical interest elements that must be reported below Level 3 of the WBS, users should reference the Navy ESWBS document in order to ensure consistency in reporting.

E.3 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE LEVELS

• 1.0Sea System
  • 1.1Ship
    • 1.1.1Hull Structure
    • 1.1.2Propulsion Plant
    • 1.1.3Electric Plant
    • 1.1.4Command, Communications and Surveillance
    • 1.1.5Auxiliary Systems
    • 1.1.6Outfit and Furnishings
    • 1.1.7Armament
    • 1.1.8Total Ship Integration/Engineering
    • 1.1.9Ship Assembly and Support Services
  • 1.2System Engineering
  • 1.3Program Management
  • 1.4System Test and Evaluation
    • 1.4.1Development Test and Evaluation
    • 1.4.2Operational Test and Evaluation
    • 1.4.3Mock-ups / System Integration Labs (SILs)
    • 1.4.4Test and Evaluation Support
    • 1.4.5Test Facilities
  • 1.5Training
    • 1.5.1Equipment
    • 1.5.2Services
    • 1.5.3Facilities
  • 1.6Data
    • 1.6.1Technical Publications
    • 1.6.2Engineering Data
    • 1.6.3Management Data
    • 1.6.4Support Data
    • 1.6.5Data Depository
  • 1.7Peculiar Support Equipment
    • 1.7.1Test and Measurement Equipment
    • 1.7.2Support and Handling Equipment
  • 1.8Common Support Equipment
    • 1.8.1Test and Measurement Equipment
    • 1.8.2Support and Handling Equipment
  • 1.9Operational/Site Activation
    • 1.9.1System Assembly, Installation and Checkout on Site
    • 1.9.2Contractor Technical Support
    • 1.9.3Site Construction
    • 1.9.4Site/Ship/Vehicle Conversion
    • 1.9.5Sustainment/Interim Contractor Support
  • 1.10Industrial Facilities
    • 1.10.1Construction/Conversion/Expansion
    • 1.10.2Equipment Acquisition or Modernization
    • 1.10.3Maintenance (Industrial Facilities)
  • 1.11Initial Spares and Repair Parts

E.3.1 Application of Common WBS Elements (Appendix L). WBS elements that are common (i.e., Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout; Systems Engineering/Program Management; System Test and Evaluation; Training; and Data) should be applied to the appropriate levels within the WBS for which they support. For example, if Systems Engineering is required to support a Level 3 WBS element, the Systems Engineering WBS element would appear at Level 4 of the WBS under the Level 3 element it supports.

E.3.2 Key Principles in Constructing a WBS. In the appendices of MIL-STD-881C, the WBS is defined to Level 3 of that structure and in some cases Level 4 or 5. In order to ensure consistency across all systems and developers, WBS elements in the appendices are extended to levels 4 and 5.

• 1) The reporting level of the WBS is typically at Level 3 except for those items considered high cost, high risk, or high technical interest. For those elements, extension of the WBS to lower levels is necessary to get needed visibility, but only for those elements. Not all WBS elements should be extended to the lowest level. In addition, for each system being defined only those WBS elements that define the system shall be used. The purpose of going below level 3 within the appendix is to ensure that the higher level elements include the proper lower level elements and when required to report at a lower level, those elements at level 4 or 5 are consistent across all systems and developers. For lower level elements, reference the ESBS.

• 2) In each of the appendices, an element entitled “Other” is available to provide flexibility within the WBS for new or additional WBS elements that are not identified or defined in the Standard. These “other” elements would be used if, for example, a new subsystem or modified subsystem is defined and it does not currently appear in the appendices of MIL-STD-881C.

• 3) A key to WBS development is the principle that if you can associate the WBS element with the element it supports, it should be included within that element. This is called the 100% rule, which states the next level of decomposition of a WBS element (child level) must represent 100% of the work applicable to the next higher level (parent level). For example, the parent level WBS (radar system) has three child elements – transmitter, antenna, and receiver. If the program manager decides he/she wants more visibility into the transmitter subsystem and pulls it out of the radar system and makes it a level equal to the radar, it distorts the effort and resources that are required to complete that radar system because it assumes the transmitter is not included (i.e., a child element to the radar is now missing within the WBS structure).

• 4) In some cases, items cannot be specifically associated with the element they support. For example, software is a critical element of that transmitter subsystem. Under normal circumstances, software would be the child level to the parent level transmitter. However, depending on how software is developed, the software may include more functionality than just for the transmitter subsystem. It may include functionality for the receiver as well. In this case the software cannot be associated with the specific elements they support, due to an inability to determine the effort for each functionality developed. Therefore, it is appropriate to associate that software to the next highest level (radar system) of the WBS. It is still included as a part of the radar system at the child level, but we are not trying to allocate effort across multiple WBS elements where we are unable to determine what level of support each gets.

• 5) Intelligence (Intel) efforts (security, threat, mission data) are often considered late in the acquisition cycle, even after contract award. Identifying where Intel is needed reduces risk and affords a much better opportunity to manage cost, schedule, and performance. The WBS Standard portrays systems in a product-oriented WBS, identifying and considering potential intelligence information and costs using the existing Component cost estimating processes.

E.3.3 Numbering of the WBS. In each appendix, the work breakdown structure for that commodity has been numbered for reporting purposes only. The purpose for the numbering is to provide a consistent approach to identifying and managing the WBS across like systems regardless of vendor or service. The numbering system is numeric; however, several unique issues arise across appendices which require the numbering system to be modified to accommodate the anomalies.

E.3.3.1. “Other” WBS Elements. All appendices contain a WBS element titled as “Other” at the subsystem, element (product) levels that are restricted for products that have not been envisioned or predicted within the defined WBS elements in the Appendix. If it is determined that the “other” WBS is not needed, this element and assigned WBS number should be deleted and not used in the WBS. If it is determined that the “other” element is needed, then each element must be defined and the word “other” replaced by the newly defined WBS element using the assigned WBS number from the appropriate appendix. The newly defined element must be approved by the Government Program Manager and the representative contracting officer.

E.3.3.2 (1…n) WBS Element Definitions. Several appendices identify WBS elements with (1…n) or similar to denote that one or more of that type of item may be used. Where this structure occurs, the parent WBS (e.g., 1…n) shall be decomposed to the next level and then each child WBS use the appropriate WBS title for each element as well as the WBS numbering identification. For example, if a missile system has multiple propulsion subsystems, each Propulsion Subsystem (1…n) shall have a WBS name designation (for example, “Solid Rocket Motor”), and the element Propulsion Subsystem 1 would be at the child level of the parent WBS element (Propulsion Subsystem 1…n) as would Propulsion Subsystem 2 (for example, “Liquid Rocket Engine”), and so forth. Each WBS should be detailed down to the element’s lower level (as defined in the appendices) whenever possible, and assigned the next available WBS number in sequence according to the parent child relationship as shown below.

• 1.1.2. Propulsion Subsystem (1…n)
• 1.1.2.1. Solid Rocket Motor
• 1.1.2.2. Liquid Rocket Engine
• 1.1.2.3. Backup Rocket Motor

E.4 DEFINITIONS

E.4.1 Sea System. Identifies the function of equipment (hardware/software), data, services, and facilities required to attain the capability of operating or supporting the operation of naval missions or performing other naval tasks at sea.

E.4.2 Ship. The waterborne vessel and components of a sea system.

• Includes, for example:
• a. All classes of surface and subsurface water vessels such as combatants, auxiliaries, amphibious, and special-purpose ships
• b. Design, development, and production of complete units (i.e., the prototype or operationally configured units, which satisfy the requirements of their applicable specifications, regardless of end use)

NOTE: Further breakouts of Level 3 elements under the Level 2 Ship element are defined in the Expanded Ship Work Breakdown Structure (ESWBS).

E.4.2.1 Hull Structure. The assembled main hull body including all hull support structure, superstructure, bulkheads, platforms, masts, and foundations.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Shell plating, longitudinal and transverse framing, platforms and decks, superstructure, foundations, structural bulkheads, enclosures and sponsons
• b. Castings, forgings, and welds; fixed ballast; doors and closures; king-posts, masts, and service platforms; and sonar domes
• c. Tank/compartment tightness testing

E.4.2.2 Propulsion Plant. The major components installed primarily for propulsion and the systems necessary to make these components operable.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Boilers and energy converters, propulsion units, main condensers and air ejectors, shafting, bearings, propellers, combustion air supply system, uptakes, propulsion control equipment, main steam, feed water and condensate, circulating and cooling water, fuel oil service and lubricating oil system
• b. Electric power
• c. Nuclear steam generators, reactors, reactor coolant and auxiliary systems, nuclear power plant control, and radiation shielding

E.4.2.3 Electric Plant. The power generating and distribution systems installed primarily for ship service and emergency power and lighting.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Electric power generation, power distribution switchboards, power distribution system, and lighting system

• E.4.2.4 Command, Communication and Surveillance. The equipment (hardware/software) and associated systems installed to receive information from off-ship source, to transmit to off-ship receivers, and to distribute information throughout the ship. Includes, for example:
• a. Sensing and data systems required for navigation and weapon fire control
• b. Navigation equipment, interior communication systems, gun fire control system, non-electronic countermeasure systems, electronic countermeasure systems, missile fire control systems, antisubmarine warfare fire control and torpedo fire control systems, radar systems, radio communication systems, electronic navigation systems, Space Vehicle electronic tracking systems, sonar systems, electronic tactical data systems, all associated software, computer systems, fiber optic plant, inter/intranet and entertainment systems

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the ESWBS. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test and checkout of these elements into the ship is excluded.

E.4.2.5 Auxiliary Systems. The support systems for ship control, main propulsion components, ship safety, deck operations and environmental control.

• Includes, for example:
• a. The auxiliary machinery and piping systems; the hull mechanical handling systems; and ship control systems and surfaces such as rudders, hydrofoils, and diving planes
• b. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems; refrigeration plant and equipment
• c. Gasoline, JP-5, all liquid cargo piping, oxygen-nitrogen and aviation lubricating oil systems
• d. Plumbing installation, saltwater service systems, fire extinguishing systems, drainage, ballast, trimming, heating, and stabilizer tank systems
• e. Fresh water system, scuppers and deck drains
• f. Fuel and diesel oil filling, venting, stowage and transfer systems
• g. Tank heating systems, compressed air system, auxiliary steam, exhaust steam and steam drains, buoyancy control system, distilling plant
• h. Mooring, towing, anchor and aircraft handling systems; deck machinery; elevators; moving stairways; stores strikedown and stores handling equipment; operating gear for retracting and elevating units; aircraft elevators
• i. Aircraft arresting gear, barriers, and barricades
• j. Catapults and jet blast deflectors, replenishment at sea and cargo handling systems
• k. Design, development, production, and assembly efforts to provide each auxiliary system as an entity

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test and checkout of these elements into the ship is excluded.

E.4.2.6 Outfit and Furnishings. The outfit equipments and furnishings required for habitability and operability, which are not specifically included in other ship elements.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Hull fittings
• b. Boats, boat stowage and handlings
• c. Rigging and canvas; ladders and gratings; nonstructural bulkheads and doors; painting, deck covering, hull insulation; cathodic protection systems; refrigerated spaces; storerooms, stowage and lockers
• d. Equipment for utility space, workshops, laboratories, test areas, galley, pantry, scullery and commissary outfit
• e. Furnishings for living spaces, offices, control centers, machinery spaces, medical, dental and pharmaceutical spaces; and nonpropulsion space shielding
• f. Design, development, production, and assembly efforts to provide the outfit and furnishing element as an entity

E.4.2.7 Armament. The complex of armament and related ammunition handling, stowage, and support facilities; and cargo munitions handling, stowage, and support facilities.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Guns and gun mounts; ammunition handling systems and stowage; special weapons handling and storage
• b. Rocket and missile launching devices, handling systems and stowage
• c. Air launched weapons handling systems and stowage; and cargo munitions handling and stowage
• d. Torpedo, mines, small arms and pyrotechnic launching devices, handling systems and stowage systems
• e. Design, development, production, and assembly efforts to provide the armament element as an entity

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test and checkout of these elements into the ship is excluded.

E.4.2.8 Total Ship Integration/Engineering. The engineering effort and related material associated with the design, development, and rework to provide the ship as a whole exclusive of that included under the Systems Engineering/Program Management element.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Construction drawings, engineering calculations, weighing and weight calculations, photographs, models, and shipbuilders information drawings

E.4.2.9 Ship Assembly and Support Services. The efforts and material associated with construction that cannot be logically and practicably identified with, or related to, other Level 3 elements.

• Includes, for example:
• a. Staging, scaffolding, and cribbing; temporary utilities and services; molds, templates, jigs, fixtures, and special production tools; dry-docking, inspection, insurance, launching, and delivery
• b. Production and construction planning; dock, sea and inclining trials

E.4.3 WBS Common Elements. Definitions for common WBS elements applicable to the sea system and all other defense materiel items are found in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions.

Sea specific common elements are identified in Appendix L see L.3.2, L.3.3, L.3.4.1, L.3.6.1, L.3.6.2 and L.3.6.3.