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Appendix H: Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems

APPENDIX H: UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE SYSTEMS WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE AND DEFINITIONS H.1 SCOPE This appendix provides the Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for the Unmanned Air Vehicle Definitions for WBS elements common to all defense materiel items are given in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions.

H.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

H.2.1 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ANSI/IEEE STD 610.12-1990 (R2002), Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology ANSI Standards can be found online at: http://webstore.ansi.org

ANSI Customer Service 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor New York, NY, 10036

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Operations Center 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141 www.ieee.org

H.3 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE LEVELS

1.0UAV System
- 1.1Air Vehicle
  - 1.1.1Airframe
    - 1.1.1.1Airframe Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
    - 1.1.1.2Fuselage
    - 1.1.1.3Wing
    - 1.1.1.4Empennage
    - 1.1.1.5Nacelle
    - 1.1.1.6Other Airframe Components 1…n (Specify)
  - 1.1.2Propulsion
  - 1.1.3Vehicle Subsystems
    - 1.1.3.1Vehicle Subsystems Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
    - 1.1.3.2Flight Control Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.3Auxiliary Power Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.4Hydraulic Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.5Electrical Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.6Environmental Control Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.7Fuel Subsystem
    - 1.1.3.8Landing Gear
    - 1.1.3.9Rotor Group
    - 1.1.3.10Drive System
    - 1.1.3.11Vehicle Subsystems Software Release 1…n
    - 1.1.3.12Other Vehicle Subsystems 1…n (Specify)
  - 1.1.4Avionics
    - 1.1.4.1Avionics Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
    - 1.1.4.2Communication/Identification
    - 1.1.4.3Navigation/Guidance
    - 1.1.4.4Automatic Flight Control
    - 1.1.4.5Health Monitoring System
    - 1.1.4.6Stores Management
    - 1.1.4.7Mission Computer/Processing
    - 1.1.4.8Fire Control
    - 1.1.4.9Avionics Software Release 1…n
    - 1.1.4.10Other Avionics Subsystems 1…n (Specify)
  - 1.1.5Auxiliary Equipment
  - 1.1.6Air Vehicle Software Release 1…n
  - 1.1.7Air Vehicle Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
- 1.2Payload
  - 1.2.1Payload Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
  - 1.2.2Survivability Payload 1…n (Specify)
  - 1.2.3Reconnaissance Payload 1…n(Specify)
  - 1.2.4Electronic Warfare Payload 1…n (Specify)
  - 1.2.5Armament/Weapons Delivery Payload 1..N (Specify)
  - 1.2.6Payload Software Release 1…n
  - 1.2.7Other Payload 1…n (Specify)
- 1.3Ground/Host Segment
  - 1.3.1Ground Segment Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
  - 1.3.2Ground Control Systems
  - 1.3.3Command and Control Subsystem
  - 1.3.4Launch and Recovery Equipment
  - 1.3.5Transport Vehicles
  - 1.3.6Ground Segment Software Release 1…n
  - 1.3.7Other Ground/Host Segment 1…n (Specify)
- 1.4UAV Software Release 1…n
- 1.5UAV System Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
- 1.6System Engineering
- 1.7Program Management
- 1.8System Test and Evaluation
  - 1.8.1Development Test and Evaluation
  - 1.8.2Operational Test and Evaluation
  - 1.8.3Mock-ups/System Integration Labs (SILs)
  - 1.8.4Test and Evaluation Support
  - 1.8.5Test Facilities
- 1.9Training
  - 1.9.1Equipment
  - 1.9.2Services
  - 1.9.3Facilities
- 1.10Data
  - 1.10.1Technical Publications
  - 1.10.2Engineering Data
  - 1.10.3Management Data
  - 1.10.4Support Data
  - 1.10.5Data Depository
- 1.11Peculiar Support Equipment
  - 1.11.1Test and Measurement Equipment
  - 1.11.2Support and Handling Equipment
- 1.12Common Support Equipment
  - 1.12.1Test and Measurement Equipment
  - 1.12.2Support and Handling Equipment
- 1.13Operational/Site Activation
  - 1.13.1System Assembly, Installation and Checkout on Site
  - 1.13.2Contractor Technical Support
  - 1.13.3Site Construction
  - 1.13.4Site/Ship/Vehicle Conversion
  - 1.13.5Sustainment/Interim Contractor Support
- 1.14Industrial Facilities
  - 1.14.1Construction/Conversion/Expansion
  - 1.14.2Equipment Acquisition or Modernization
  - 1.14.3Maintenance (Industrial Facilities)
- 1.15Initial Spares and Repair Parts

H.3.1 Application of Common WBS Elements (Appendix L). WBS elements that are common (i.e., Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout; Systems Engineering; Program Management; System Test and Evaluation; Training; and Data) should be applied to the appropriate levels within the WBS for which they support. For example, if Systems Engineering is required to support a Level 3 WBS element, the Systems Engineering WBS element would appear at Level 4 of the WBS under the Level 3 element it supports.

H.3.2 Key Principles in Constructing a WBS. In the appendices of MIL-STD-881C, the WBS is defined to Level 3 of that structure and in some cases Level 4 or 5. In order to ensure consistency across all systems and developers, WBS elements in the appendices are extended to levels 4 and 5.

1) The reporting level of the WBS is typically at Level 3 except for those items considered high cost, high risk, or high technical interest. For those elements, extension of the WBS to lower levels is necessary to get needed visibility, but only for those elements. Not all WBS elements should be extended to the lowest level. In addition, for each system being defined only those WBS elements that define the system shall be used. The purpose of going below level 3 within the appendix is to ensure that the higher level elements include the proper lower level elements and when required to report at a lower level, those elements at level 4 or 5 are consistent across all systems and developers.

2) In each of the appendices, an element entitled “Other” is available to provide flexibility within the WBS for new or additional WBS elements that are not identified or defined in the Standard. These “other” elements would be used if, for example, a new subsystem or modified subsystem is defined and it does not currently appear in the appendices of MIL-STD-881C.

3) A key to WBS development is the principle that if you can associate the WBS element with the element it supports, it should be included within that element. This is called the 100% rule, which states the next level of decomposition of a WBS element (child level) must represent 100% of the work applicable to the next higher level (parent level). For example, the parent level WBS (radar system) has three child elements – transmitter, antenna, and receiver. If the program manager decides he/she wants more visibility into the transmitter subsystem and pulls it out of the radar system and makes it a level equal to the radar, it distorts the effort and resources that are required to complete that radar system because it assumes the transmitter is not included (i.e., a child element to the radar is now missing within the WBS structure).

4) In some cases, items cannot be specifically associated with the element they support. For example, software is a critical element of that transmitter subsystem. Under normal circumstances, software would be the child level to the parent level transmitter. However, depending on how software is developed, the software may include more functionality than just for the transmitter subsystem. It may include functionality for the receiver as well. In this case the software cannot be associated with the specific elements they support, due to an inability to determine the effort for each functionality developed. Therefore, it is appropriate to associate that software to the next highest level (radar system) of the WBS. It is still included as a part of the radar system at the child level, but we are not trying to allocate effort across multiple WBS elements where we are unable to determine what level of support each gets.

5) Intelligence (Intel) efforts (security, threat, mission data) are often considered late in the acquisition cycle, even after contract award. Identifying where Intel is needed reduces risk and affords a much better opportunity to manage cost, schedule, and performance. The WBS Standard portrays systems in a product-oriented WBS, identifying and considering potential intelligence information and costs using the existing Component cost estimating processes.

H.3.3 Numbering of the WBS. In each appendix, the work breakdown structure for that commodity has been numbered for reporting purposes only. The purpose for the numbering is to provide a consistent approach to identifying and managing the WBS across like systems regardless of vendor or service. The numbering system is numeric; however, several unique issues arise across appendices which require the numbering system to be modified to accommodate the anomalies.

H.3.3.1. “Other” WBS Elements. All appendices contain a WBS element titled as “Other” at the subsystem, element (product) levels that are restricted for products that have not been envisioned or predicted within the defined WBS elements in the Appendix. If it is determined that the “other” WBS is not needed, this element and assigned WBS number should be deleted and not used in the WBS. If it is determined that the “other” element is needed, then each element must be defined and the word “other” replaced by the newly defined WBS element using the assigned WBS number from the appropriate appendix. The newly defined element must be approved by the Government Program Manager and the representative contracting officer.

H.3.3.2 (1…n) WBS Element Definitions. Several appendices identify WBS elements with (1…n) or similar to denote that one or more of that type of item may be used. Where this structure occurs, the parent WBS (e.g., 1…n) shall be decomposed to the next level and then each child WBS use the appropriate WBS title for each element as well as the WBS numbering identification. For example, if a missile system has multiple propulsion subsystems, each Propulsion Subsystem (1…n) shall have a WBS name designation (for example, “Solid Rocket Motor”), and the element Propulsion Subsystem 1 would be at the child level of the parent WBS element (Propulsion Subsystem 1…n) as would Propulsion Subsystem 2 (for example, “Liquid Rocket Engine”), and so forth. Each WBS should be detailed down to the element’s lower level (as defined in the appendices) whenever possible, and assigned the next available WBS number in sequence according to the parent child relationship as shown below.

1.1.2. Propulsion Subsystem (1…n)
1.1.2.1. Solid Rocket Motor
1.1.2.2. Liquid Rocket Engine
1.1.2.3. Backup Rocket Motor

H.4 DEFINITIONS

H.4.1 Unmanned Air Vehicle System. The complex of equipment (hardware/software), data, services, and facilities required to design, develop, produce and support unmanned air vehicle systems.

Includes, for example:
a. Those employing fixed, movable, rotary, compound wing or dirigibles
b. Those unmanned air vehicles designed for powered or unpowered movement (i.e., gliders)

H.4.2 Air Vehicle. The complete flying aircraft. It also includes, design, development, and production of complete units—prototype and operationally configured units, which satisfy the requirements of their applicable specifications, regardless of end use.

Includes, for example:
a. Airframe, propulsion, and all other installed equipment

H.4.2.1 Airframe. The assembled structural and aerodynamic components of the air vehicle that support subsystems essential to designated mission requirements.

Includes, for example:
a. Basic structure: fuselage, wing, empennage, fuselage, and nacelle and all other airframe

H.4.2.1.1 Airframe Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout. The integration, assembly, test and checkout element includes all efforts as identified in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions, to provide a complete airframe, less other Level 3 elements.

H.4.2.1.2 Fuselage. The structural airframe encompassing the forward, center and aft fuselage sections of the aircraft.

Includes, for example:
a. Structural fuselage section for the forward, center and aft fuselage sections to include the main and secondary structures
b. Efforts required to splice the forward, center and aft sections
c. Access doors
d. Mounting provisions for mission peculiar avionics, armament/weapons delivery systems

H.4.2.1.3 Wing. The structure used to produce lift for flight during the air

Includes, for example:
a. Wing torque box, inner and outer wing panels, leading edge extension wing tip, movable control surfaces to include ailerons and leading and trailing edge flaps, attach fittings for pylons, wing fold mechanism, installation of airframe related subsystems, and installation of flight test instrumentation
b. Fitting for store stations
c. Material for sealing the integral fuel tanks
d. Provisions for the electrical, hydraulic, fuel, flight controls, etc.

Excludes, for example:
a. Efforts for the structural splicing of the wing to the fuselage as provided by the Airframe Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout

H.4.2.1.4 Empennage. The structural tail group encompassing the fin, stabilator and rudder as well as provisions for electrical wiring, plumbing, control linkages and associated equipments.

Includes, for example:
a. Structural stabilators, vertical tails, rudders, installation of airframe related subsystems, and installation of flight test instrumentation
b. Tail boom for rotary wing

H.4.2.1.5 Nacelle. This element is a separate streamlined enclosure from the fuselage on an aircraft that is used for sheltering the crew, cargo or housing an engine.

H.4.2.1.6 Other Airframe Components 1…n (Specify). This element includes other products/services related to airframe that are either not listed above or tasks that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements in which each additional element is to be clearly identified and defined.

H.4.2.2 Propulsion. That portion of the air vehicle that pertains to installed equipment (propulsion unit and other propulsion) to provide power/thrust to propel the aircraft through all phases of powered flight.

Includes, for example:
a. The engine as a propulsion unit within itself (e.g., reciprocating, turbo with or without afterburner, or other type propulsion) suitable for integration with the airframe
b. Thrust reversers, thrust vector devices, transmissions, gear boxes, and engine control units, if furnished as integral to the propulsion unit
c. Other propulsion equipment required in addition to the engine but not furnished as an integral part of the engine, such as booster units
d. The design, development, production, and assembly efforts to provide the propulsion unit as an entity

Excludes, for example:
a. All effort directly associated with the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the air vehicle
b. All ancillary equipments that are not an integral part of the engine required to provide an operational primary power source—air inlets, instruments, controls, etc.

NOTE: For lower level information, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems and the associated WBS template for propulsion.

H.4.2.3 Vehicle Subsystems. The collection of core non-avionics subsystems.

H.4.2.3.1 Vehicle Subsystems Integration, Assembly, Test, and Checkout. This element includes all effort of technical and functional activities associated with the design, development, and production of mating surfaces, structures, equipment, parts, materials, and software required to assemble and test the vehicle subsystem parts and subsystems equipment (hardware/software) elements. Reference Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for further detail.

H.4.2.3.2 Flight Control Subsystem. Primary and secondary mechanical devices and automatic equipment installed in the air vehicle when used with control surfaces, to control the flight path of the air vehicle as well as to provide additional lift, drag and trim effect.

Includes, for example:
a. Primary and secondary mechanical controls, linkage, and control surface actuators for ailerons, rudders, stabilators, leading edge flaps, trailing edge flaps, and speed brakes, which are used to control the flight path of the air vehicle and provide additional lift, drag and trim effect

Excludes, for example:
a. Structural control surfaces, ailerons, rudder, stabilizer, etc. included in airframe as well as the installation of flight control subsystems into the appropriate basis structures element

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 4 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Air Vehicle is excluded.

H.4.2.3.3 Auxiliary Power Subsystem. The equipment that performs engine start up on the ground, emergency starting during flight, ground checkout operations of aircraft accessories, and power takeoff for hydraulic pumps and electrical generator system and fuel motive flow pumps.

Includes, for example:
a. Power takeoff shafts and oil cooling lines
b. Auxiliary power unit (APU)
c. Airframe mounted accessory drive (AMAD)
d. Air turbine starter
e. Secondary power, furnishings—cargo, etc.

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronics Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 4 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Air Vehicle is excluded.

H.4.2.3.4 Hydraulic Subsystem. This system provides hydraulic power for the actuation of landing/launching gear subsystems, in-flight re-fueling probe, gun drive and flight control surfaces.

Includes, for example:
a. Design, production, material and equipment procurements including associated vendor design/development efforts to provide for the Hydraulic Subsystem
b. Pumps, reservoirs, accumulators, valves, regulators and associated plumbing distribution systems to provide hydraulic power
c. Hydraulic tubing, check valves, etc. that interconnect the hydraulic equipment

H.4.2.3.5 Electrical Subsystem. Equipment installed to provide electrical power function, the AC and DC distribution of this power supply and the provision for exterior lighting.

Includes, for example:
a. Wire bundles and miscellaneous electrical parts, which provide the electrical power function, the AC and DC distribution of this power supply and exterior lighting in the center fuselage, aft fuselage and vertical tail
b. Generator system, battery system, a transformer rectifier unit and power contactors
c. Power relays, circuit breakers and distribution systems between electronic mission equipments

H.4.2.3.6 Environmental Control Subsystem. Environmental equipment and distribution systems on board the air vehicle for air conditioning and cooling equipment compartments, pressurization of seals, fuel tanks and anti- icing. The distribution system provides for air ducts, cooling lines and other plumbing required in supplying air and other cooling media from supply sources to the controlled environment.

Includes, for example:
a. Equipment compartment and individual air units, air conditioning and fuel tanks;
b. Bleed air for the gun gas purging
c. Air refrigeration system, liquid cooling system, air flow regulation system
d. Environmental control, racks, mounts, intersystem cables and distribution boxes, etc., which are inherent to, and non-separable from, the assembled structure

H.4.2.3.7 Fuel Subsystem. Equipment and distribution systems installed in the air vehicle to provide fuel to the engines and the auxiliary power unit, including associated functions such as fuel pressurization, venting, gauging, defueling etc.

Includes, for example:
a. Equipment and distribution systems to provide fuel to the engines
b. Associated functions included in the system are fuel storage, pressurization, venting, gauging, defueling, and in-flight refueling
c. rotary wing pylons, air induction system, thrust reversers, thrust vector devices, starters, exhausts, fuel management, inlet control system
d. Fuel lines, plumbing etc., which interconnect the fuel subsystem equipment and storage cell in the air vehicle

H.4.2.3.8 Landing Gear. The structural and mechanical gear and associated equipment including doors for maneuvering of the air vehicle while on the ground, the devices for extension, retraction, and locking this gear, and the mechanical devices for arresting the air vehicle.

Includes, for example:
a. Alighting gear; tires, tubes, wheels, brakes, hydraulics, etc.
b. Main landing gears, nose landing gear
c. Arresting hook system and related doors and mechanisms

H.4.2.3.9 Rotor Group. Items that impart the pitch, raw, roll, and thrust forces, which provide the lift and direction for Air Vehicle powered flight for rotary aircraft.

Includes, for example:
a. Main rotor blade
b. Main rotor head
c. Tail rotor blade
d. No tail rotor

H.4.2.3.10 Drive System. Those items that pertain to the engine control units such as transmissions and gear boxes. Includes, for example:
a. Dynamic systems; transmissions, gear boxes, propellers, if not furnished as an integral part of the propulsion unit

H.4.2.3.11 Vehicle Subsystems Software Release 1…n. All vehicle subsystem software not associated with a specific Level 4 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4.2.3.12 Other Vehicle Subsystems (1…n) (Specify). This element should be replaced with other product-oriented vehicle subsystems that are either not listed above or that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements. Each additional element is to be clearly identified and defined.

H.4.2.4 Avionics. Mission equipment on board the air vehicle that is primarily electronic in nature.

H.4.2.4.1 Avionics Integration, Assembly, Test, and Checkout. This element includes all effort of technical and functional activities associated with the design, development, and production of mating surfaces, structures, equipment, parts, materials, and software required to assemble and test the avionics suite parts and subsystems equipment (hardware/software) elements. Reference Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for further detail.

H.4.2.4.2 Communication/Identification. That equipment (hardware/software) installed in the air vehicle for communications and identification purposes. Includes, for example:
a. Radio system(s), identification equipment (IFF), data links, and control boxes associated with the specific equipment
b. Integral communication, navigation, and identification package (if used)

H.4.2.4.3 Navigation/Guidance. That equipment (hardware/software) installed in the air vehicle to perform the navigational guidance function.

Includes, for example:
a. Radar, radio, or other essential navigation equipment, radar altimeter, direction finding set, doppler compass, computer, and other equipment homogeneous to the navigation/guidance function

H.4.2.4.4 Automatic Flight Control. Those electronic devices and sensors, which, in combination with the flight controls subsystem (under vehicle subsystems), enable the crew to control the flight path of the aircraft and provide lift, drag, trim, or conversion effects.

Includes, for example:
a. Flight control computers, software, signal processors, and data transmitting elements that are devoted to processing data for either primary or automatic flight control functions
b. Electronic devices required for signal processing, data formatting, and interfacing between the flight control elements; the data buses, optical links, and other elements devoted to transmitting flight control data
c. Flight control sensors such as pressure transducers, rate gyros, accelerometers, and motion sensors

Excludes, for example:
a. Devices—linkages, control surfaces, and actuating devices—covered under the airframe WBS element
b. Avionics devices and sensors–central computers, navigation computers, avionics data buses and navigation sensors, which are included under other avionics WBS elements

H.4.2.4.5 Health Monitoring System. That equipment (hardware/software) installed in the air vehicle for malfunction detection and reporting.

H.4.2.4.6 Stores Management. The avionics subsystem that controls and monitors the operational state of aircraft installed stores and provides and manages the communications between aircraft stores, other aircraft subsystems and weapons.

H.4.2.4.7 Mission Computer/Processing. The master data processing unit(s) responsible for coordinating and directing the major avionic mission systems.

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems.

NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 4 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Air Vehicle is excluded.

H.4.2.4.8 Fire Control. That equipment (hardware/software) installed in the air vehicle, which provides the intelligence necessary for weapons delivery such as bombing, launching, and firing. Includes, for example:
a. Radars and other sensors including radomes
b. Apertures/antennas, if integral to the fire control system, necessary for search, target identification, rendezvous and/or tracking
c. Self-contained navigation and air data systems
d. Bombing computer and control and safety devices

H.4.2.4.9 Avionics Software Release 1…n. All avionics software not associated with a specific Level 4 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4.2.4.10 Other Avionics Subsystems 1…n (Specify). This element should be replaced with other product-oriented avionics subsystems that are either not listed above or that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements. Each additional task is to be clearly identified and defined.

H.4.2.5 Auxiliary Equipment. Auxiliary airframe, propulsion, electronics, and/or vehicle subsystems equipment not allocable to individual element equipments, or which provide the ancillary functions to the applicable mission equipments.

Includes, for example:
a. Auxiliary airframe equipment such as external fuel tanks, pods, and rotodomes
b. Multi-use equipment like antennas, control boxes, power supplies, environmental control, racks, and mountings, not homogeneous to the prescribed WBS elements

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic/ Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Air Vehicle is excluded.

H.4.2.6 Air Vehicle Software Release 1…n. All air vehicle software not associated with a specific Level 3 or Level 4 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4.2.7 Air Vehicle Integration Assembly, Test, and Checkout. All efforts as identified in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structures and Definitions, to provide the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of all Level 3 elements to form the air vehicle as a whole.

H.4.3 Payload. Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) may have a single or multiple payloads represented at Level 3 of the WBS. In addition to the types of payloads listed below, an UAV may also have other payloads. If a UAV has other payloads, they too should be represented within the WBS structure at Level 3 below the Level 2 Payload element. Examples of other payloads include targeting and ranging systems, bio/chemical detection sensors, meteorological sensors, and communication relay systems.

H.4.3.1 Payload Integration, Assembly, Test, and Checkout. This element includes all effort of technical and functional activities associated with the design, development, and production of mating surfaces, structures, equipment, parts, materials, and software required to assemble and test the payload suite parts and subsystems equipment (hardware/software) elements. Reference Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for further detail.

H.4.3.2 Survivability Payload (1…n). Those equipments (hardware/software) installed in, or attached to, the air vehicle that assists in penetration for mission accomplishment.

Includes, for example:
a. Ferret and search receivers, warning devices and other electronic devices, electronic countermeasures, jamming transmitters, chaff, infra-red jammers, terrain-following radar, and other devices typical of this mission function

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Payload is excluded.

H.4.3.3 Reconnaissance Payload (1…n). Those equipments (hardware/software) installed in, or attached to, the air vehicle necessary to the reconnaissance mission.

Includes, for example:
a. Photographic, electronic, infrared, and other sensors
b. Search receivers
c. Recorders
d. Warning devices
e. Magazines
f. Data link

Excludes, for example:
a. Gun cameras

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic/ Systems.

NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Payload is excluded.

H.4.3.4 Electronic Warfare Payload (1…n). That electronic warfare equipment (hardware/software) installed in the unmanned vehicle to provide the functions of electronic warfare support, electronic attack, and electronic protection (i.e., electronic countermeasures, electronic counter-countermeasures, or electronic warfare support measures). This element involves the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy.

Includes, for example:
a. Electronic countermeasures, jamming transmitters, chaff, infra-red jammers, other jamming equipment, electromagnetic deception equipment, or weapons that use electromagnetic or directed energy such as laser, RF weapons, or particle beams

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Payload is excluded.

H.4.3.5 Armament/Weapons Delivery Payload (1…n). That equipment (hardware/software) installed in the air vehicle to provide the firepower functions and weapons delivery capability.

Includes, for example:
a. Guns, high energy weapons, mounts, turrets, weapon direction equipment, ammunition feed and ejection mechanisms, and gun cameras
b. Launchers, pods, bomb racks, pylons, integral release mechanisms, and other mechanical or electro- mechanical equipments specifically oriented to the weapons delivery function

Excludes:
a. Bombing/navigation system (included in the fire control element)

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Payload is excluded.

H.4.3.6 Payload Software Release 1…n. All payload software not associated with a specific Level 4 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4.3.7 Other Payload 1…n (Specify). Any other product or equipment not already mentioned in the above definition, but that is also transported or delivered by the UAV system.

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Payload is excluded.

H.4.4 Ground/Host Segment. The Ground segment is defined as a fixed, transportable, or mobile assembly of hardware, software, and firmware that has a communications interface with the vehicle to receive only, or to receive and transmit data generated and mission data collected by the air vehicle. In addition, vehicle telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C) and mission data may be processed within collocated facilities or alternatively in remotely located facilities. For example, Ground 1 could represent an operations center and Ground 2 a network operations center or some other type of command and control facility.

Includes, for example:
a. Support for the system and vehicle level integration and testing provided by the producer/integrator of the ground portion of the system

H.4.4.1 Ground Segment Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout. The efforts as identified in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions, to provide a complete ground system.

H.4.4.2 Ground Control Systems (GCS). This is the command and control center for the UAV system. It is utilized during pre-launch, launch, recovery, and operation of UAVs and payloads; data link that the data to be sent between the GCS and the mission vehicle and is composed of transceivers and controls and may include a global positioning system (GPS). This subsystem receives, down converts, demodulates, and conditions telemetry, tracking, command, and mission (payload) data. In addition, this subsystem generates the RF uplink, accepts tracking and command signals, and modulates them onto the RF uplink.

Includes, for example:
a. Antennas, feeds, antenna positioners, antenna support pedestals, radomes, transmitters, receivers, up/down frequency converters, modulators, demodulators, front-end equipment (encryptors/decryptors, synchronizers), etc.
b. Ground terminal (GT) facilities/buildings, GT factory/contractor support facility, GT initial support, GT support equipment
c. Generators, environmental control units (air conditioners), power Generators, etc. that are required for operation of the ground control stations

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Ground/Host Segment is excluded.

H.4.4.3 Command and Control Subsystem. This subsystem decodes, demultiplexes, and decrypts air vehicle telemetry, generates commands for transmission to the aircraft, and processes tracking data to generate air vehicle ephemeris. This subsystem supports all Ground subsystems that require the capability to prepare and output commands to, and receive and process data from, the air vehicle while in operation or under test.

Includes, for example:
a. Network, computer processing and display hardware such as routers, switches, servers, workstations, storage devices, etc.
b. Software for handling, processing, and executing air vehicle commands, as well as processing and analyzing air vehicle telemetry
c. Command and control ground facilities/building, command and control factory/contractor support facility, command and control initial support and support equipment

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Ground/Host Segment is excluded.

H.4.4.4 Launch and Recovery Equipment. This is the equipment necessary to launch and recover air vehicles during the performance of its mission.

Includes, for example:
a. Equipment required to launch the air vehicle with its mission payloads into flight
b. Air vehicle hydraulic/pneumatic launcher, rail, an jet/rocket assisted take-off (JATO/RATO) bottles for short take-off
c. Automatic landing beacon system
d. Arresting net or arresting lines
e. Parachute

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Ground/Host Segment is excluded.

H.4.4.5 Transport Vehicles. Any vehicles that have been specifically designed or modified for the transportation of air vehicles, ground control station equipment or other mission equipment. This includes any vehicles used to perform movement of the prime mission vehicle, crew, maintenance equipment, and direct maintenance personnel, or any other special transport systems used in the relocation of the prime mission equipment so that it may perform its mission.

H.4.4.6 Ground Segment Software Release 1…n. All Ground Segment software not associated with a specific Level 3 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4.4.7 Other Ground Segment 1…n (Specify). This element should be replaced with other product- oriented Ground Segment elements that are either not listed above or that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements. Each additional element is to be clearly identified and defined.

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Ground/Host Segment is excluded.

H.4.5 Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Software Release 1…n. All UAV software not associated with a specific Level 3 or Level 4 elements.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

H.4. 6 Unmanned Air Vehicle System Integration Assembly, Test, and Checkout. All efforts as identified in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structures and Definitions, to provide the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of all Level 2 elements into the UAV System as a whole.

H.4.7 Common WBS Elements. Definitions for Common WBS elements applicable to the Unmanned Aircraft, and all other defense materiel items, are in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions.