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Appendix G: Surface Vehicle Systems

APPENDIX G: SURFACE VEHICLE SYSTEMS WORKBREAKDOWN STRUCTURE AND DEFINITIONS G.1 SCOPE This appendix provides the Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for the surface vehicle systems definitions. WBS elements common to all defense materiel items are given in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions.

G.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

G.2.1 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ANSI/IEEE STD 610.12-1990(R2002), Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology ANSI Standards can be found online at: http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/default.asp

ANSI Customer Service 25 W 43rd Street, 4th Floor New York, NY, 10036

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Operations Center 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141 www.ieee.org

G.3 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE LEVELS

1.0Surface Vehicle System
- 1.1Primary Vehicle
  - 1.1.1Primary Vehicle Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
  - 1.1.2Hull/Frame/Body/Cab
  - 1.1.3System Survivability
  - 1.1.4Turret Assembly
  - 1.1.5Suspension/Steering
  - 1.1.6Vehicle Electronics
  - 1.1.7Power Package/Drive Train
  - 1.1.8Auxiliary Automotive
  - 1.1.9Fire Control
  - 1.1.10Armament
  - 1.1.11Automatic Ammunition Handling
  - 1.1.12Navigation and Remote Piloting
  - 1.1.13Special Equipment
  - 1.1.14Communications
  - 1.1.15Primary Vehicle Software Release 1…n
  - 1.1.16Other Vehicle Subsystems 1…n (Specify)
- 1.2Remote Control System (UGV specific)
  - 1.2.1Remote Control System Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout
  - 1.2.2Ground Control Systems
  - 1.2.3Command and Control Subsystem
  - 1.2.4Remote Control System Software Release 1…n
  - 1.2.5Other Remote Control System 1…n (Specify)
- 1.3Secondary Vehicle
- 1.4System Engineering
- 1.5Program Management
- 1.6System Test and Evaluation
  - 1.6.1Development Test and Evaluation
  - 1.6.2Operational Test and Evaluation
  - 1.6.3Mock-ups / System Integration Labs (SILs)
  - 1.6.4Test and Evaluation Support
  - 1.6.5Test Facilities
- 1.7Training
  - 1.7.1Equipment
  - 1.7.2Services
  - 1.7.3Facilities
- 1.8Data
  - 1.8.1Technical Publications
  - 1.8.2Engineering Data
  - 1.8.3Management Data
  - 1.8.4Support Data
  - 1.8.5Data Depository
- 1.9Peculiar Support Equipment
  - 1.9.1Test and Measurement Equipment
  - 1.9.2Support and Handling Equipment
- 1.10Common Support Equipment
  - 1.10.1Test and Measurement Equipment
  - 1.10.2Support and Handling Equipment
- 1.11Operational/Site Activation
  - 1.11.1System Assembly, Installation and Checkout on Site
  - 1.11.2Contractor Technical Support
  - 1.11.3Site Construction
  - 1.11.4Site/Ship/Vehicle Conversion
  - 1.11.5Sustainment/Interim Contractor Support
- 1.12Industrial Facilities
  - 1.12.1Construction/Conversion/Expansion
  - 1.12.2Equipment Acquisition or Modernization
  - 1.12.3Maintenance (Industrial Facilities)
- 1.13Initial Spares and Repair Parts

G.3.1 Application of Common WBS Elements (Appendix L). WBS elements that are common (i.e., Integration, Assembly, Test and Checkout; Systems Engineering; Program Management; System Test and Evaluation; Training; and Data) should be applied to the appropriate levels within the WBS for which they support. For example, if Systems Engineering is required to support a Level 3 WBS element, the Systems Engineering WBS element would appear at Level 4 of the WBS under the Level 3 element it supports.

G.3.2 Key Principles in Constructing a WBS. In the appendices of MIL-STD-881C, the WBS is defined to Level 3 of that structure and in some cases Level 4 or 5. In order to ensure consistency across all systems and developers, WBS elements in the appendices are extended to levels 4 and 5.

1) The reporting level of the WBS is typically at Level 3 except for those items considered high cost, high risk, or high technical interest. For those elements, extension of the WBS to lower levels is necessary to get needed visibility, but only for those elements. Not all WBS elements should be extended to the lowest level. In addition, for each system being defined only those WBS elements that define the system shall be used. The purpose of going below level 3 within the appendix is to ensure that the higher level elements include the proper lower level elements and when required to report at a lower level, those elements at level 4 or 5 are consistent across all systems and developers.

2) In each of the appendices, an element entitled “Other” is available to provide flexibility within the WBS for new or additional WBS elements that are not identified or defined in the Standard. These “other” elements would be used if, for example, a new subsystem or modified subsystem is defined and it does not currently appear in the appendices of MIL-STD-881C.

3) A key to WBS development is the principle that if you can associate the WBS element with the element it supports, it should be included within that element. This is called the 100% rule, which states the next level of decomposition of a WBS element (child level) must represent 100% of the work applicable to the next higher level (parent level). For example, the parent level WBS (radar system) has three child elements – transmitter, antenna, and receiver. If the program manager decides he/she wants more visibility into the transmitter subsystem and pulls it out of the radar system and makes it a level equal to the radar, it distorts the effort and resources that are required to complete that radar system because it assumes the transmitter is not included (i.e., a child element to the radar is now missing within the WBS structure).

4) In some cases, items cannot be specifically associated with the element they support. For example, software is a critical element of that transmitter subsystem. Under normal circumstances, software would be the child level to the parent level transmitter. However, depending on how software is developed, the software may include more functionality than just for the transmitter subsystem. It may include functionality for the receiver as well. In this case the software cannot be associated with the specific elements they support, due to an inability to determine the effort for each functionality developed. Therefore, it is appropriate to associate that software to the next highest level (radar system) of the WBS. It is still included as a part of the radar system at the child level, but we are not trying to allocate effort across multiple WBS elements where we are unable to determine what level of support each gets.

5) Intelligence (Intel) efforts (security, threat, mission data) are often considered late in the acquisition cycle, even after contract award. Identifying where Intel is needed reduces risk and affords a much better opportunity to manage cost, schedule, and performance. The WBS Standard portrays systems in a product-oriented

WBS, identifying and considering potential intelligence information and costs using the existing Component cost estimating processes.

G.3.3 Numbering of the WBS. In each appendix, the work breakdown structure for that commodity has been numbered for reporting purposes only. The purpose for the numbering is to provide a consistent approach to identifying and managing the WBS across like systems regardless of vendor or service. The numbering system is numeric; however, several unique issues arise across appendices which require the numbering system to be modified to accommodate the anomalies.

G.3.3.1. “Other” WBS Elements. All appendices contain a WBS element titled as “Other” at the subsystem, element (product) levels that are restricted for products that have not been envisioned or predicted within the defined WBS elements in the Appendix. If it is determined that the “other” WBS is not needed, this element and assigned WBS number should be deleted and not used in the WBS. If it is determined that the “other” element is needed, then each element must be defined and the word “other” replaced by the newly defined WBS element using the assigned WBS number from the appropriate appendix. The newly defined element must be approved by the Government Program Manager and the representative contracting officer.

G.3.3.2 (1…n) WBS Element Definitions. Several appendices identify WBS elements with (1…n) or similar to denote that one or more of that type of item may be used. Where this structure occurs, the parent WBS (e.g., 1…n) shall be decomposed to the next level and then each child WBS use the appropriate WBS title for each element as well as the WBS numbering identification. For example, if a missile system has multiple propulsion subsystems, each Propulsion Subsystem (1…n) shall have a WBS name designation (for example, “Solid Rocket Motor”), and the element Propulsion Subsystem 1 would be at the child level of the parent WBS element (Propulsion Subsystem 1…n) as would Propulsion Subsystem 2 (for example, “Liquid Rocket Engine”), and so forth. Each WBS should be detailed down to the element’s lower level (as defined in the appendices) whenever possible, and assigned the next available WBS number in sequence according to the parent child relationship as shown below.

1.1.2. Propulsion Subsystem (1…n)
1.1.2.1. Solid Rocket Motor
1.1.2.2. Liquid Rocket Engine
1.1.2.3. Backup Rocket Motor

G.4 DEFINITIONS

G.4.1 Surface Vehicle System. The complex of vehicle electronics equipment, data, services, and facilities required to develop and produce a vehicle system with the capability to navigate over the surface. Surface vehicle categories include vehicles primarily intended for general purpose applications and those intended for mating with specialized payloads.

Includes, for example:
a. Manned and unmanned cargo and logistics vehicles, trucks, mobile work units, and combat vehicles
b. Combat vehicles serving as armored weapons platforms, reconnaissance vehicles, and amphibians

G.4.2 Primary Vehicle. The mobile element of the system embodying means for performing operational missions that exists on its own. (reference Family of Systems description in Guidance, paragraph 3.2.2 for applications of the WBS when variants/family of vehicles exists).

Includes, for example:
a. Means of propulsion and structure for adaptation of mission equipment or accommodations for disposable loads
b. Design, development, and production of complete units (i.e., prototype or operationally configured units, which satisfy the requirements of their applicable specifications, regardless of end use)

G.4.2.1 Primary Vehicle Integration Assembly Test and Checkout. This element includes all effort of technical and functional activities associated with the design, development, and production of mating surfaces, structures, equipment, parts, materials, and software required to assemble and test the vehicle subsystem parts and subsystems equipment (hardware/software) elements. Reference Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions for further detail.

G.4.2.2 Hull/Frame/Body/Cab. The vehicle’s primary load bearing component, which provides the structural integrity to withstand the operational loading stresses generated while traversing various terrain profiles (Hull/Frame), and (if applicable) the major component to be mated to a chassis to provide a complete vehicle having a defined mission capability (Body/Cab).

Includes, for example:
a. Simple wheeled vehicle frame or combat vehicle hull that satisfies the structural requirements including armor integral to the frame
b. Structural subassemblies and appendages that attach directly to the primary structure
c. Towing and lifting fittings, bumpers, hatches, and grilles
d. Provision to accommodate other subsystems such as mountings for suspension, weapons, turret, truck body, cab, special equipment loads
e. Accommodations for personnel, cargo, and such subsystems as need to be placed in proximity to operators

Excludes, for example:
a. non-integral armor and radiological shielding (included in survivability element)

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.3 System Survivability. The equipment required to maximize the survivability of the crew and the system.

Includes, for example:
a. Non-integral armor (turret)
b. Non-integral armor (hull/frame/body/cab)
c. Active protection systems and defensive aids for both short and long range threats
d. Radiological shielding for hull and turret. This includes supplemental ballistic protection, attachment approaches for external armor, liners, and behind armor debris shielding
e. Signature management hardware associated with reducing system susceptibility and vulnerability
f. Improvised explosive device (IED) countermeasure subsystems
g. Fire detection and suppression
h. Survivability systems control hardware. This includes electronics, sensors, and miscellaneous equipment that have functionality in more than one survivability WBS element.
i. Ballistic crew seats for crew protection during ballistic events
j. Sensor subsystems, threat warning systems and hostile weapon fire detection sensor subsystems
k. Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear
l. Combat identification systems
m. Anti-tamper systems

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.4 Turret Assembly. The structure, including armor integral to the turret and equipment installations required to provide the fighting compartment element of combatant vehicles.

Includes, for example:
a. Turret rings, slip rings
b. Attachments and appendages such as hatches and cupolas
c. Accommodations for personnel, weapons, and command and control
d. Drive motors
e. Turret drive stabilization system

Excludes, for example:
a. Non- integral armor and radiological shielding (included in survivability element)

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.5 Suspension/Steering. The means for generating tractive efforts, thrust, lift, and steering forces generally at or near the earth’s surface and adapting the vehicle to the irregularities of the surface.

Includes, for example:
a. Wheels, tracks, brakes, and steering gears for traction and control functions
b. Rudder thrust devices and trim vanes for amphibians
c. Springs, shock absorbers, skirts, and other suspension members

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.6 Vehicle Electronics. All electronic subsystems and components (hardware/software), distributed throughout the vehicle not directly attributable to other WBS Level 3 elements.

Includes, for example:
a. Computers and other devices for command and control
b. Data control and distribution
c. Controls and displays
d. Power distribution and management
e. Health management systems

Excludes, for example:
a. Hardware and software directly associated with other WBS elements

NOTE 1: If lower level information can be collected, use the structure and definitions in Appendix B, Electronic Systems. NOTE 2: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.7 Power Package/Drive Train. The means for generating and delivering power.

Includes, for example:
a. Engine
b. Engine-mounted auxiliaries such as air ducting and manifolds, controls and instrumentation, exhaust systems, and cooling means
c. Power transport components as clutches, transmission, shafting assemblies, torque converters, differentials, final drivers, and power takeoffs
d. Brakes and steering when integral to power transmission rather than in the suspension/steering element
e. Hybrid electric drive systems
f. Energy storage systems
g. Raw power generators

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.8 Auxiliary Automotive. Hardware and software subsystems that provide services to all of the primary vehicle subsystems (as distinguished from the mission equipment subsystems).

Includes, for example:
a. On-board diagnostics/prognostics system not included in other subsystems
b. Winch and power take-off, tools and on-vehicle equipment
c. Crew accommodations (when otherwise not provided for)
d. Lighting systems

Excludes, for example:
a. Electrical subsystems and components that are now included in the vetronics WBS element
b. Fire detection and suppression system and controls associated with Survivability

G.4.2.9 Fire Control. The equipment (hardware and software) installed in the vehicle, which provides intelligence necessary for weapons delivery such as launching and firing.

Includes, for example:
a. Radars and other sensors necessary for search, recognition and/or tracking
b. Controls and displays
c. Sights or scopes
d. Range finders, computers, computer programs, gun drivesand stabilization systems

G.4.2.10 Armament. The equipment (hardware and software) for vehicles to deliver fire on targets.

Includes, for example:
a. Main gun and secondary guns
b. Missile launchers
c. Non-lethal weapons
d. Other offensive weapon systems

Excludes, for example:
a. Fire control systems

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.11 Automatic Ammunition Handling. The equipment (hardware and software) for selecting ammunition from a stored position in the vehicle, transferring it, and loading the armament system.

Includes, for example:
a. The means to eject spent cases and misfired rounds
b. Ammunition storage racks, transfer/lift mechanisms, ramming and ejecting mechanisms, as well as specialized hydraulic and electrical controls

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.12 Navigation and Remote Piloting Systems. The equipment (hardware and software) installed in the vehicle that enables the vehicle or its operators to plan and control vehicle speed and direction, determine vehicle location, plot the course of the vehicle and perform other mission functions.

Includes, for example:
a. Equipment that senses and processes imagery data such as vision systems, laser scanners, multiple sensor-fusion algorithms and processors, image-enhancement algorithms and processors, etc.
b. Equipment that performs mobility intelligence analysis and planning functions such as automated route planners, image-understanding algorithms and processors, computer-aided-driving algorithms and processors, etc.
c. Navigation systems such as dead reckoning, inertial, and global positioning systems
d. Landmark recognition algorithms and processors

Excludes, for example:
a. Remote control system, which is in the Remote Control System (Unmanned Ground Vehicle specific) element

G.4.2.13 Special Equipment. The equipment (hardware and software) to be mated to a Hull/Frame/Body/Cab assembly to achieve a special mission capability.

Includes, for example:
a. All items required to convert basic vehicle configurations to special-purpose configurations
b. Blades, booms, winches, robotic arms or manipulators, etc., to equip wreckers, recovery vehicles, supply vehicles and other field work units
c. Furnishings and equipment for command, shop, medical and other special-purpose vehicles
d. Specialized sensors not included elsewhere
e. Mine detection, neutralization and marking equipment

NOTE: All effort directly associated with the remaining Level 3 WBS elements and the integration, assembly, test, and checkout of these elements into the Primary Vehicle is excluded.

G.4.2.14 Communications. The equipment (hardware and software) within the system for communicating information to systems and personnel interior and exterior to operating vehicles.

Includes, for example:
a. Radio frequency equipment, microwave and fiber optic communication links, networking equipment for multiple vehicle control, and intercom and external phone systems
b. Means for supplementary communication like visual signaling devices
c. Network integration equipment

G.4.2.15 Primary Vehicle Software Release 1…n. All primary vehicle software not associated with a specific Level 3 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

G.4.2.16 Other Vehicle Subsystems 1…n (specify). This element should be replaced with other product- oriented vehicle subsystems that are either not listed above or that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements. Each additional element is to be clearly identified and defined.

G.4.3 Remote Control System (UGV specific). The Remote Control System is defined as a fixed, transportable, or mobile assembly of hardware, software, and firmware that has a communications interface with the vehicle to receive only, or to receive and transmit data generated and mission data collected by the vehicle. In addition, vehicle telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C) and mission data may be processed within collocated facilities or alternatively in remotely located facilities.

Includes, for example:
a. All of the resources associated with its design, development, production, procurement, integration, assembly, and test
b. Support for the system and vehicle level integration and testing provided by the producer/integrator of the remote control portion of the system
c. Sub-elements to remote control system, launch and recovery equipment, transport vehicles, system software and integration, assembly, test and checkout

G.4.3.1 Remote Control System Integration Assembly Test and Checkout. The efforts as identified in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions, to provide a complete remote control system.

G.4.3.2 Ground Control Systems (GCS). This is the command and control center for the surface vehicle system. It is utilized during pre-launch, launch, recovery, and operation of surface vehicles and payloads; data link that the data to be sent between the GCS and the mission vehicle and is composed of transceivers and controls and may include a global positioning system (GPS).

This subsystem receives, down converts, demodulates, and conditions telemetry, tracking, command, and mission (payload) data. In addition, this subsystem generates the RF uplink, accepts tracking and command signals, and modulates them onto the RF uplink.

Includes, for example:
a. Resources associated with the design, development, production, procurement, assembly, test, and operational site activation of the remote control system
b. Antennas, feeds, antenna positioners, antenna support pedestals, radomes, transmitters, receivers, up/down frequency converters, modulators, demodulators, front-end equipment (encryptors/decryptors, synchronizers), etc.
c. Remote control facilities/buildings, remote control factory/contractor support facility, remote control initial support, remote control support equipment

G.4.3.3 Command and Control Subsystem. This subsystem decodes, demultiplexes, and decrypts vehicle telemetry, generates commands for transmission to the vehicle system. This subsystem supports all remote control subsystems that require the capability to prepare and output commands to, and receive and process data from, the surface vehicle while in operation or under test.

Includes, for example:
a. Resources associated with the design, development, production, procurement, assembly, test, and operational site activation of the Command and Control Subsystem
b. Network, computer processing and display hardware such as routers, switches, servers, workstations, storage devices, etc.
c. Software for handling, processing, and executing air vehicle commands, as well as processing and analyzing vehicle telemetry

G.4.3.4 Remote Control System Software Release 1…n. All remote control system software not associated with a specific Level 3 element.

NOTE: Refer to Appendix B, Electronic Systems for further breakout and definitions for Software.

G.4.3.5 Other Remote Control Subsystems 1…n (specify). This element should be replaced with other product-oriented remote control subsystems that are either not listed above or that cannot be categorized into one of the above elements. Each additional element is to be clearly identified and defined.

G.4.4 Secondary Vehicle. The vehicles required to supplement, expand, or otherwise contribute to the capabilities of primary vehicles to provide the vehicle system with the required operational characteristics. Secondary vehicles are not necessarily self-contained operational units capable of operating outside the system.

Includes, for example:
a. Cargo and tank trainers of truck-trailers systems; carriers and tanker units of articulated train-type systems; and transporters as employed in systems when the primary vehicle has limited roadability
b. The design, development, and production of complete units (i.e., prototype or operationally configured units, which satisfy the requirements of their applicable specification(s), regardless of end use)

NOTE: Work breakdown structure and definitions for Secondary Vehicle are the same as those for the primary vehicle.

G.4.5 Common WBS Elements. Definitions for Common WBS elements applicable to the Surface Vehicle, and all other defense materiel items, are in Appendix L: Common Elements, Work Breakdown Structure and Definitions.